Published in Scientific Bulletin. Series F. Biotechnologies, Vol. XXII
Written by Faika YARALI KARAKAN, Bekir Bülent ARPACI

Pre-treatments significantly affect frequency of gynogenic embryogenesis. In gynogenesis, a change from gametophytic phase to the sporophytic phase is provided by stress treatments. Heat and/or cold shocks are given alone or in combination with each other to induce stress conditions. Also, pre-treatments can be applied at different types of explant, such as flower buds, ovules/ovaries, or inflorescence. With regard to different explants, the type, level, and duration of pre-treatment are different, and the regeneration efficiencies vary as well. In this review, it was discussed the effects of pre-treatments, cold or heat shock, in haploid induction via gynogenesis in different vegetables species.

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