ISSN 2285-1364, ISSN CD-ROM 2285-5521, ISSN ONLINE 2285-1372, ISSN-L 2285-1364
 

Published in Scientific Bulletin. Series F. Biotechnologies, Vol. XIX
Written by Mioara Ancuta DUMITRU, Ștefana JURCOANE

The leather waste generated by the leather industry contains a large amount of hard to degrade proteins. Those squanders are destroyed by incineration and it represents a threat for the environment. Through biotechnological methods, this waste can be used as substrate for enzyme production, the leather serving as the unique source of carbon and nitrogen. This paper presents the isolation and characterization of leather degrading bacterium. The hydrolytic bacteria where isolated from compost of fur and skin .The isolated colonies show their ability to synthetize various hydrolytic enzyme as proteinase (0.709 – 0.868 U/ml), lipases (20-80 U/ml), collagenases (0.344 – 0.373 U/ml), amylases (0.104 – 0.198 U/ml), keratinases (0.4-1.8U/ml) and it can be use in different biotechnological processes. The proteolytic enzymes have an important value in the biotechnological sector and the obtaining process presented in this paper is a nonpolluting alternative to the current disposal system. The results show that the isolated bacteria have the capacity to produce hydrolytic enzymes able to degrade different types of leathers.

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Published in Scientific Bulletin. Series F. Biotechnologies, Vol. XIX
Written by Lobo Balia ROOSTITA, Khusnul KHOTIMAH, HUNAINAH, Ratu SAFITRI, Mia MIRANTI, Hartati CHAIRUNNISA, Gemilang Lara UTAMA

Aims of the research was to characterize probiotic properties of Enterococcus bacteria isolated from bovine colostrum. The research done experimentally with factorial pattern of Completely Randomized Design including two factors such type of bacteria and the characters of probiotics and replicated three times. Parameters of the research was pH tolerance, bile salts, antimicrobial activity, the ability of auto-aggregation. Data analyzed by ANOVA and Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT). Two Enterococcus bacteria isolated from the colostrum which identified with the API 20 Strep were known as E. faecalis and E. faecium. The result showed that E. faecalis and E. faecium were pH 4 tolerant with the population of 1.623 x 102 and 1.316 x 102 CFU/ml. Availability to survive at high bile salt concentrations (0.3% and 0.5%) which shown by 15.683 x 1010 and 23.667 x 1010 CFU/ml population. Enterococcus faecalis and E. faecium also had antimicrobial properties which indicated by clear zone diameter towards E. coli (9.7 and 10.3 mm), S. thypimurium (9.7 and 10 mm), and L. monocytogenes (9 and 12 mm). The inherent ability of the isolated Enterococcus was better than the test bacteria (E. coli, S. thypimurium, Listeria) with the auto-aggregation values were 61.783% and 60.425%.

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Published in Scientific Bulletin. Series F. Biotechnologies, Vol. XIX
Written by Corina BUBUEANU, Gabriela POPA, Lucia PIRVU

In the context of a worldwide growing population there is a need for renewable biological resources for food and animal feed, safe and healthy, as well as materials, energy and other products. Thus, an important and sustainable use of renewable resources has become one of the major goals of bio-economic strategy at the national and European levels. Quality, food safety and human health are some of the major concerns of Romania. Due to considerable genetic resources and remarkable biological quality, mushrooms are currently considered functional foods with important nutritional and therapeutic qualities. Nationally, 90% of the mushroom production is covered by Agaricus bisporus species (champignon), being consumed mainly in urban areas. At the same time in rural areas is harvested from spontaneous mycoflora and consumed, mainly Agaricus campestris species. These two species are related, belonging to the same Agaricaeae family. Nutritional and therapeutic important properties of these species are given by their bioactive metabolites including polysaccharides, proteins, dietary fibres, polyphenolic compounds and other biomolecules. In this paper is presented comparative qualitative (HPTLC) and quantitative (spectrophotometric) chemical composition in polyphenolic compounds and the scavenger potential of free radical DPPH of the two species. The comparative analysis is made for alcoholic and hydroalcoholic extracts of the two species. The results shows the differences and similarities in terms of composition in polyphenolic compounds, dependence between chemical composition and antioxidant potential and also the importance of the solvent used to obtain the extracts. Thus, this study contributes to understanding the importance of the valorisation of indigenous natural resources potential, respectively of the species Agaricus campestris.

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Published in Scientific Bulletin. Series F. Biotechnologies, Vol. XIX
Written by Livia APOSTOL, Mona Elena POPA, Gabriel MUSTATEA

In this work an extensive analysis of the composition of Cannabis sativa L., has been done in order to further exploit the functionality of it in bakery products based on wheat flour. Cannabis sativa L., is already known, (J. C. Callaway, 2002,) as an excellent source of unsaturated fatty acids (omega 3 and omega 6 - in an optimum ratio), fiber, amino acids (lysine, alanine, arginine), and high content of mineral which should recommend it as an important functional ingredient in food. In this study, partially Cannabis sativa L. skimmed flour has been used in different proportions for enrichment of wheat flour with functional ingredients such as: bioactive carbohydrates (dietary fiber), bioactive protein, essential fatty acids and minerals. Fatty acid composition was determined by ¹H-NMR and minerals evaluation was done by using ICP analysis. The results demonstrated that Cannabis sativa L, partially skimmed, should be used in food industry, especially in bakery processing, as additional valuable source of bioactive compounds.

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Published in Scientific Bulletin. Series F. Biotechnologies, Vol. XIX
Written by Ovidiu IORDACHE, Calina Petruta CORNEA, Camelia DIGUTA, Iuliana DUMITRESCU, Mariana FERDES

Fungal biomass has the ability to decolorize textile industry wastewaters by a series of bio-accumulation/bio-sorption mechanisms, posing an economically promising, eco-friendly and feasible alternative to conventional methods. The present study explored the qualitative potential of previously isolated fungal strains from samples of post-finishing textile wastewater in treatment of synthetic dyes solutions based on Bemacid azo-dyes (red, yellow and blue). The analyses were carried out on solid nutritive media with 200g/L dye concentration, for 9 microbial strains. Previously isolated fungal strains were identified by ITS-RFLP method. Qualitative assessments revealed the increased tolerance of microbial isolates to textile azo-dyes, and their capacity to degrade into non-colored intermediates.

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Published in Scientific Bulletin. Series F. Biotechnologies, Vol. XIX
Written by Gabriela POPA, Corina BUBUIANU, Georgeta FIDLER, Calina Petruta CORNEA

White rot basidiomycetes are known as producers of several oxidative and hydrolytic enzymes that act together on the degradation of certain components of the plant cell wall. Among these enzymes, laccases represent a family of coppercontaining polyphenol oxidases, and can be involved in various processes such as, morphogenesis, pathogenesis, and lignin degradation. Because of their capability to oxidize a wide range of substrates, fungal laccases are currently studied for their potential agricultural, industrial, and medicinal applications. Hence, the aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of culture media on laccase production by six white rot fungal species: Ganoderma applanatum, Flammulina velutipes, Hericium coraloides, Laetiporus sulphureus, Pleurotus ostreatus var. Florida, and Trametes versicolor. The white-rot fungi were inoculated in PD broth (potato dextrose) and Hwang et al (2008) medium. Extracellular laccase formation by these fungi was recorded by spectrophotometry using guaiacol as substrate. During 30 days of incubation was found that laccase production reached maximum values in the filtrates of both culture media and declined along incubation period. PD medium was optimum for laccase producing white-rot fungi. The maximum laccase activity was obtained from the culture filtrates of Trametes versicolor and Hericium coraloides. The optimal culture medium for laccase producing fungi was PD broth. Also, pH values of the fungal culture media were changed during incubation period. The minimal pH values were recorded in culture filtrates of Laetiporus sulphureus (2.8 and 2.4). The highest laccase activity was detected at pH values between 5.0 and 6.0 in PD medium. A good biomass yield was recorded by Pleurotus ostreatus var. Florida grown on both media tested. It was found that a high production of laccase did not dependent on high biomass yields.

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Published in Scientific Bulletin. Series F. Biotechnologies, Vol. XIX
Written by Florin BÎJNEA, Ştefana JURCOANE, Gabriela NEAŢĂ

Biogas production from cheese whey as an energetically rich product that can contain more than 50 g/ L lactose was investigated. Whey, a by-product derived from the dairy industry, represents an optimal as primary material for biogas production by anaerobic methanogenic fermentation, compatible with liquid manure. In the analysis performed, it was concluded that whey development fulfills all the conditions favorable environment bacterial anaerobic digestion. Whey, having an organic carbon content of 0,798% was used. In our study, AD batches consisting of whey, and 4% inoculum, in 5 l bench top digester were conducted. Our results indicate biogas yields over 1000 cm3/ L fermentation medium. The concentration of main components in biogas was measured as well. Conclusion – anaerobic digestion of cheese whey is acceptable, with acidification substrate provided in the first phase.

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Published in Scientific Bulletin. Series F. Biotechnologies, Vol. XIX
Written by Adrian MATEI, Călina Petruța CORNEA

Various spoilage fungi that contaminate fruits, vegetables and other food commodities produce economic losses as well as harmful effects on human and animal health caused by ingestion of mycotoxins The public concern about the use of chemical fungicides during cultivation and storage of fruits and vegetable determined the search for new strains of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) able to control the fungal growth of mycotoxigenic species. The effect of 8 LAB strains have been assayed on the growth of Penicillium expansum isolated from infected apples. Interaction between LAB strains and selected spoilage fungi was tested by overlay assay method. Discrete spots of liquid cultures of tested LAB strains were placed on MRS agar and after incubation, overlaid with soft PDA containing fungal propagules. Data concerning the evolution of the diameters of clear visible inhibition zones of fungal growth around the LAB strain spots were monitored for 10 days. A number of 5 strains have shown antifungal activity with clear inhibition zone developed at 5 days, the effect of 2 strains being sustained until the 10th day of monitoring. P. expansum spores were cultivated with 3 efficient LAB strains on PD liquid medium and monitored for 17 days. The inhibition of spore forming lasted for 2 strains until the end of monitoring period and for the other strain until the end of the first week. Completely sporulated mycelium with powdery aspect was evidenced in control flask with pure culture of P. expansum after 5 days. Probably chemical interactions appeared between fungus and LAB strains that changed the color of culture media towards reddish-brown comparatively to control. The results could be used in biotechnological methods for the control of spoilage fungi with application in fruits preservation.

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Published in Scientific Bulletin. Series F. Biotechnologies, Vol. XIX
Written by H. Ahu KAHRAMAN, Umit GURBUZ

The survey was undertaken to determine the consumers’ tendency to dry aged beef meats in Campus of Selcuk University at Konya between October-November 2014 with a total number of 155 consumers. As a result of the research, the followings were found out: 53,5% of participants had information on dry aging applications, 46,5% had no information on this. 20% of participants were consuming dry aged meat products, 80% had never consume these products. 54.8% of participant did not know the product, 30,8% did not find them attractive for consumption, 14,4% did not prefer these foods because of their expensive price. When the participants were taken into consideration with income levels changing from 4001 to 5000 TL (Turkish lira), the group was observed with the highest (63,6%), while 1000-2000 TL group was observed the lowest recognition rate (44,4%). When the way of getting information about the dry aged meat products were taken into consideration, postgraduate education was playing an important role on recognation of the products (p<0.05). Thus, social-mass media and educatio level, may have a significant impact on spread of this product and may become easily accessible.

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Published in Scientific Bulletin. Series F. Biotechnologies, Vol. XIX
Written by Ioana Alexandra IONESCU, Costel BUMBAC, Petruta CORNEA

Many recent studies in the field of wastewater treatment and environmental protection have focused their attention on the possibility of obtaining aerobic granular sludge in order to develop new innovative wastewater treatment technologies. Compared to conventional activated sludge wastewater treatment plants, aerobic granular technology represent a novel alternative offering numerous advantages such as high biomass retention, good settling ability and simultaneous removal of organic load and nutrients. The main focus of research was to evaluate granules formation and evolution of treatment performances. Two lab scale sequencing batch bioreactors were used in the experiment. The first bioreactor (D) was inoculated with conventional activated sludge while the other one (GM) was inoculated with crushed aerobic granular sludge. Both bioreactors were fed with dairy industry wastewater with high organic and nutrients load (CODCr=1723 – 3550 mg O2/L, BOD5 = 492 – 1806 mgO2/L; NH4 += 64,6 - 114 mg/L, P tot = 5,04 – 21,5 mg/L). The first granular structures were observed after 5 days (10 treatment cycles) with a diameter of 67 to 556 μm in D bioreactor and with 392 to 1200 μm in GM bioreactor. By the end of the experiment the granules in D bioreactor reached 2 mm in diameter while the granules in GM bioreactor reached up to 4 mm in diameter. Treatment performances increased along with the growth of granules size.

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