ISSN 2285-1364, ISSN CD-ROM 2285-5521, ISSN ONLINE 2285-1372, ISSN-L 2285-1364
 

Published in Scientific Bulletin. Series F. Biotechnologies, Vol. XXVI, Issue 2
Written by Florin URSACHI, Denisa ATUDOREI, Mădălina UNGUREANU-IUGA, Georgiana Gabriela CODINĂ

The aim of this study was to analyze the amino acids content of different legumes types (beans, lentil, soybean, chickpea and lupine) in a raw and germinated form. Also the effect of different levels (0%, 2.5%, 5%, 7.5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%) of legumes addition in a germinated and raw form in refined wheat flour has been discussed. According to our data for the wheat- bean mix, lentil-wheat flour, soybean-wheat flour mix, lupine-wheat flour mix the highest amount of essential amino acid were recorded for the histidine whereas for the mix between chickpea-wheat flour the highest amount of the essential amino acid were recorded for valine. Regarding the amount of non-essential amino acids content the highest levels were obatined for glutamic acid for all the mixes between germinated legumes and wheat flour and the lowest one for glycine.

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Published in Scientific Bulletin. Series F. Biotechnologies, Vol. XXVI, Issue 2
Written by Elisabeta Elena POPA, Maria RÂPĂ, Mihaela GEICU-CRISTEA, Amalia Carmen MITELUŢ, Paul-Alexandru POPESCU, Mihaela Cristina DRĂGHICI, Silvana Mihaela DĂNĂILĂ-GUIDEA, Mona Elena POPA

The extensive production and usage of petroleum based plastic materials represent a great threat to the environment (both terrestrial and marine) due to their properties of slow degradation and landfill accumulation. Therefore, many researches were conducted in order to develop friendly packaging materials, which fulfil the current requirements in terms of biodegradability, bioavailability and compatibility. Among different types of biodegradable materials, polylactic acid (PLA) received more and more attention as green material due to the fact that it is derived from natural and renewable resources and present great physical-mechanical properties. This study aims to present the research conducted for the biodegradability degree determination of some novel biomaterials based on PLA that could be used as packaging materials. The newly developed materials were buried in a natural characterized soil and their biodegradability was determined after 30, 60 and 90 days of maintaining in soil. Furthermore, they were tested from a microbial colonisation and degradation point of view. The results showed low rates of biodegradability for PLA based samples.

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Published in Scientific Bulletin. Series F. Biotechnologies, Vol. XXVI, Issue 2
Written by Maria Monica PETRESCU, Dana Maria MIU, Gabriela SAVOIU, Mihaela Carmen EREMIA

Inulinases are an important class of enzymes used in many fields, especially in the food and pharmaceutical industries, to produce fructose syrups. Microbial inulinases are important in the hydrolysis of inulin to produce fructose syrup and FOS. These enzymes are produced by various strains of microorganisms, of which Aspergillus sp. and Kluyveromyces sp. are the most commonly used strains for inulinase production. The goal of the study was to biosynthesis inulinase using the Aspergillus terreus ICCF 262 strain, with inulin and orange peel powder as carbon and energy sources, the enzyme being isolated from the fermentation medium by fractional precipitation with ammonium sulfate followed by purification on DEAE-Cellulose using ion exchange chromatography. Within 7 days of cultivating the fungal strain on a mineral medium containing inulin and orange peel at a final concentration of 2% in the fermentation medium, yields of biotechnological interest were higher than those previously reported in the literature. Through the procedure of isolating and purifying inulinase from the fermentation medium results a specific activity of between 164.6 - 396.4 U / mg protein.

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Published in Scientific Bulletin. Series F. Biotechnologies, Vol. XXVI, Issue 2
Written by Marina DRAGOTA, Ştefana JURCOANE, Virgil UNTARU

The article analyzes the evolution of mycorrhizal fungi, which have occupied the function of symbiotic partners in association with plants, more precisely with their root system. The advantage brought by the existence of mycorrhizal symbioses for plant nutrition, highlighted the influence that this association has on the growth and development of plants. Mycorrhizae are present in mature ecosystems, ecosystems that show a cyclical and unitary evolution of the components between the biotic and abiotic unit, when mycorrhizal associations have the role of regulating the assimilation of food resources for the plants with which they are associated. In this association, hyphae play an important role in the nutrient cycle, having the function of stopping losses in the ecosystem. The present study aims to highlight the benefits of associating fungi with plant roots on wheat production. Thus, it was cultivated on a small area of wheat on a land where a fungal suspension was inoculated. Cultivated in parallel the control variant, in order to highlight the benefits of mycorrhiza. The obtained productions, the abiotic factors and the evolution of the plants were analyzed.

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Published in Scientific Bulletin. Series F. Biotechnologies, Vol. XXVI, Issue 2
Written by Asawir Esamaldeen Ebrahim MOHAMED, Oana-Alina BOIU-SICUIA, Călina Petruța CORNEA

Certain Fusarium species and strains are potential producers of three most important classes of mycotoxins: fumonisins (FB1, FB2, FB3); zearalenone (ZEA) and trichothecenes, such as deoxynivalenol (DON), nivalenol (NIV), or HT-2 toxin and T-2 toxin. The ingestion consequences of these fungal compounds can lead to a range from acute to chronic diseases with high morbidity. The use of contaminated feed can have serious effects not only on health, but also on the productive potential of livestock and poultry, with high risk of further mycotoxins spreading in the food chain to the final consumer. Therefore, this paper aimed to present information on the main mycotoxins produced by different species of Fusarium contaminants, focusing on the toxicological effects on farm animals. The effects of each mycotoxin type on ruminants, horses, pigs, and poultry are described.

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Published in Scientific Bulletin. Series F. Biotechnologies, Vol. XXVI, Issue 2
Written by Asawir Esamaldeen Ebrahim MOHAMED, Oana-Alina BOIU-SICUIA, Călina Petruța CORNEA

Certain Fusarium species and strains are potential producers of three most important classes of mycotoxins: fumonisins (FB1, FB2, FB3); zearalenone (ZEA) and trichothecenes, such as deoxynivalenol (DON), nivalenol (NIV), or HT-2 toxin and T-2 toxin. The ingestion consequences of these fungal compounds can lead to a range from acute to chronic diseases with high morbidity. The use of contaminated feed can have serious effects not only on health, but also on the productive potential of livestock and poultry, with high risk of further mycotoxins spreading in the food chain to the final consumer. Therefore, this paper aimed to present information on the main mycotoxins produced by different species of Fusarium contaminants, focusing on the toxicological effects on farm animals. The effects of each mycotoxin type on ruminants, horses, pigs, and poultry are described.

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Published in Scientific Bulletin. Series F. Biotechnologies, Vol. XXVI, Issue 2
Written by Maria DUCA, Ana MUTU, Ina BIVOL

The purpose of this study was to investigate the utility of the different types of molecular markers in assessing the genetic diversity of seven Serbian broomrape (Orobanche cumana Wallr.) populations, such as ISSR and SSR. The discriminatory potential of SSR markers was on average lower (Rp=2.46) than for ISSR (Rp=13.85), indicating a large interpopulation genetic variability. According to the indices of genetic diversity, a higher intrapopulation molecular variability in the case of SSR markers (PIC=0.58; H=0.63) compared to ISSR (PIC=0.33) was revealed. AMOVA analysis also showed a high genetic diversity within populations with SSR markers (within pops 53% and among pops 47%) and the most genetic diversity among populations with ISSR (34% and 66%, respectively). These results showed a high degree of genetic variations among and within broomrape genotypes from Serbia which favor the evolution of more virulent physiological races of O. cumana. This study can serve as scientific support for future researches in monitoring and developing strategies to improve sunflower crops resistant to this pathogen.

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Published in Scientific Bulletin. Series F. Biotechnologies, Vol. XXVI, Issue 2
Written by Fawzia SHAAT, Ramona-Daniela PAVALOIU, Cristina HLEVCA

This review highlights the applications of pullulan in biomedical field, focusing on drug delivery. Pullulan is a microbial exo-polysaccharide produced by yeast like fungus Aureobasidium pullulans and it has been declared safe by FDA in United States and has GRAS status. Pullulan has biocompatible, biodegradable, non-mutagenic, non-toxic, non-carcinogenic, non-immunogenic properties, as well as other functional properties. Furthermore, pullulan can be easily derivatized by several chemical reactions such as etherification, amidification, esterification, oxidation and co-polymerization in order to widen its applications. Due to its unique features pullulan and its derivative is being explored for various biomedical applications like drug and gene delivery, tissue engineering, wound healing, diagnostic imaging, etc. This research was supported through Nucleu project PN 1941-04 01.

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Published in Scientific Bulletin. Series F. Biotechnologies, Vol. XXVI, Issue 2
Written by Cristian-Alexandru TOADER, Floarea BURNICHI, Dumitru-Mitel TOMA, Vasilica MANEA, Emilian MIREA, Mona Elena POPA

In the experimental field of the Buzău Vegetable Research and Development Station, research was carried out on the effect of Trichoderma T85, administered at planting, in granular form, for the culture of bell peppers, Buzău 10 variety, created by SCDL Buzău. In this regard, the growth and development of bell pepper plants, the Buzău 10 variety, the monitoring of the phytosanitary condition of the plants and the harmful and useful fauna from the soil were determined and monitored in dynamics. 5 experimental variants were set up in randomized blocks. This fungal inoculant was applied to V5 - three granules at planting. The obtained results confirm the data presented in the literature: Trichoderma prevents the growth of other pathogenic fungi, very widespread, such as: Alternaria, Botrytis, Colletotrichum, Fusarium, Phythophtora, Pytium, Sclerotinia, Xanthomonas. At the same time, this fertilizer is an environmentally friendly option because it does not pollute groundwater.

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Published in Scientific Bulletin. Series F. Biotechnologies, Vol. XXVI, Issue 2
Written by Georgiana MICU, Oana-Alina BOIU-SICUIA, Călina Petruţa CORNEA

An important enzyme for both the pharmaceutical and food industries is L-asparaginase (EC 3.5.1.1). This enzyme is produced by a wide variety of microorganisms. However, their potential use as sources of L-asparaginase at industrial scale is limited if glutaminase and urease are also produced. This is mainly due to the complexity and expenses of the purification process required to obtain l-asparaginase which make the production system inefficient. In order to select L-asparaginase highly producing strains, lacking detectable glutaminase and urease activity different isolation steps were established and rapid tests are the first recommended. However such studies need to be completed with quantitative analysis. Moreover, additional molecular studies can also confer useful information regarding the biotechnological potential of the selected strains. The aim of this paper is to correlate the microbiologic and biochemical tests with genetic approaches in order to improve the selection process of biotechnologically relevant Bacillus strains.

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