ISSN 2285-1364, ISSN CD-ROM 2285-5521, ISSN ONLINE 2285-1372, ISSN-L 2285-1364
 

Published in Scientific Bulletin. Series F. Biotechnologies, Vol. XXVII, Issue 1
Written by Oleg CHISELIȚA, Alina BEȘLIU, Natalia CHISELIȚA, Nadejda EFREMOVA, Elena TOFAN

In this study, 4 biologically active preparations obtained from wine yeast sediments are characterized according to their amino acid content and total antioxidant activity. As a result, it has been established that the preparations contain the full range of essential and immunoactive amino acids, the content of essential amino acids varies between 13.7-287.662 mg/100 ml and immunoactive 13.9-447.33 mg/100 ml. The study of the total antioxidant activity in the biologically active preparations obtained is within the limits of 33.4 ± 0.3-85.9 ± 0.9% inhibition, the maximum being obtained in the amino acid protein preparation SRM-AAP. In conclusion, we can mention that the obtained results indicate that the biologically active preparations obtained from the sediments of wine yeasts are rich in essential and immunoactive amino acids and have a high antioxidant activity, being attractive for implementation in agriculture, especially in animal husbandry, food and cosmetic industry.

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Published in Scientific Bulletin. Series F. Biotechnologies, Vol. XXVII, Issue 1
Written by Tamara SÎRBU, Svetlana BURȚEVA, Maxim BÎRSA, Nina BOGDAN-GOLUBI, Valerina SLANINA, Cristina MOLDOVAN, Olga ȚURCAN

Microorganisms are the main source of various bioactive substances used in diverse fields of biotechnology. A current problem in agriculture is the fight against various phytopathogens, which cause crop diseases. Current trends worldwide are green agricultural methods. Actinobacteria, bacteria, and micromycetes are known to naturally associate with plants and have a beneficial effect on their growth. Thus, the groups of microorganisms listed above were isolated from the silt samples of the "La izvor" lake system (Chisinau municipality), and their screening was performed to combat phytopathogenic agents that cause plant diseases. The following strains of microorganism actively inhibit the growth of phytopathogenic fungi: A. alternata - 8 micromycetes, 2 bacteria; A. niger - 1 micromycete, 3 actinobacteria; B. cinerea - 5 micromycetes, 4 bacteria; F. oxysporum - 7 micromycetes, 3 actinobacteria, 2 bacteria. The growth of phytopathogenic bacteria was actively inhibited only by micromycetes: B. subtilis - 15 strains; X. campestris - 8 strains; C. michiganensis - 5 strains; A. tumefaciens - 3 strains; E. carotovora - 5 strains.

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Published in Scientific Bulletin. Series F. Biotechnologies, Vol. XXVII, Issue 1
Written by Wahauwouele Hermann COULIBALY, Tano Marie-Ange Sakia MIAN, Fatoumata CAMARA, Grah Avit Maxwell BEUGRÉ, Camelia Filofteia DIGUȚĂ, Florentina MATEI

Due to its significant contribution to lowering the use of crude oil and environmental pollution, bioethanol has been selected as the biofuel that is used the most frequently worldwide. The bioethanol was produced by fermentation carried out by microorganisms, particularly yeasts. Thus, yeasts resistance to ethanol remained a criterion important in bioethanol production. In this context, this study, the ability of Saccharomyces strain (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and non-Saccharomyces strains (Debaryomyces hansenii, Rhodotorula mucilaginosa, and Pichia kudriavzevii) to produce bioethanol by sorghum wort fermentation following distillation was investigated. The results revealed that, globally, all yeast strains studied exhibited a similar fermentation behavior. The difference between yeast strains was observed in the alcoholic degrees of distillates. The alcoholic degree of distillates ranged between 7.01±0.007 and 7.38±0.063% (v/v) where the highest concentration has been observed with Rhodotorula mucilaginosa. More, statistical analysis showed a significant difference (P<0.05) between Rhodotorula mucilaginosa and other species and mixed culture. Among the strains studied, Rhodotorula mucilaginosa specie seemed the suitable strain to produce bioethanol.

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Published in Scientific Bulletin. Series F. Biotechnologies, Vol. XXVII, Issue 1
Written by Victoria BÎNZARI, Ioana TUDOR, Denisa-Ioana GHEORGHE, Constantin ISVORANU, Diana CONSTANTINESCU-ARUXANDEI, Carmen LUPU, Mihai SÂRBU, Florin OANCEA

The aim of our paper was to investigate the efficiency of some commercial products that contain blends of maceration enzymes on the bleaching of pulp obtained from soft wood, birch and polar, using a neutral sulfite semi-chemical pulping (NSSC) process. The enzyme biobleaching is a pretreatment process that releases from pulp the lignin-carbohydrate complexes and the hexenuronic acids and reduces the consumption of chemical bleaching agent. The biobleaching efficiency was evaluated by the reduction in the kappa number. The results demonstrate that the efficiency of the maceration enzymes depends on the degree of delignification and on the composition of the blends. The enzymes that contain a blend of pectinolytic enzymes, including polygalacturonase, have significant activity also on mechanically refined pulp. The maceration enzymes that include hemicellulases are highly actives on pulp resulted from chemical extraction and are less active on pulp that was further delignified by mechanical refining. The presence of pectin lyase tends to increase the kappa number due to the release of hexenuronic acids from pectin.

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Published in Scientific Bulletin. Series F. Biotechnologies, Vol. XXVII, Issue 1
Written by Elena MIHAI, Alexandra GASPAR-PINTILIESCU, Teodora CIUCAN, Ana-Maria PRELIPCEAN, Justinian TOMESCU, Miruna NEAGU, Oana CRĂCIUNESCU

The aim of this study was to investigate the composition and biological properties of hydrolates from fennel (Foeniculum vulgare L.) seeds and their usefulness in food and biomedical applications. Hydrolates were obtained by steam- and hydro-distillation of fennel seeds followed by essential oil separation. GC-MS analysis indicated the presence of volatile compounds in the hydrodistilled extract. HPLC analysis of fennel hydrolates showed a higher concentration of phenolic compounds in the steam distilled extract. The antioxidant activity, determined as Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) and cupric reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC), was correlated to the total phenolic content of fennel hydrolates, being higher in the steam distilled extract. Thus, besides volatiles, the phenolic compounds could significantly increase antioxidant activity. In turn, higher inhibition of bacterial growth was found for the hydrodistilled extract, due to the significant number of volatile compounds. In conclusion, fennel hydrolates represent a waste of significant interest for valorization within the circular bioeconomy and further application in the food and biomedical industry.

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Published in Scientific Bulletin. Series F. Biotechnologies, Vol. XXVII, Issue 1
Written by Quthama AL ZAIDI, Florentina BADEA, Camelia Filofteia DIGUŢĂ, Florentina MATEI

Botrytis cinerea, is a necrotrophic fungus that causes gray mold on fruits and vegetables. This mold ranked second in the list of the top ten fungal pathogens. The aim of this study was to develop a system for rapid and accurate identification and quantification of B. cinerea on fresh raspberry by quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) and a comparison was made between traditional methods (cell culture) and molecular tool. Raspberry samples were purchased from the local supermarkets. Raspberry diluted samples were cultivated on Dichloran Rose Bengal Chloramphenicol agar selective medium used for the growth of mold, then DNA was extracted from the same samples and qPCR was done. In classical methods (cell culture) the result was negative (no fungal colony growth). By the qPCR technique, B. cinerea was detected in two out of the three samples. In qPCR technology, the test proved to be selective, rapid and sensitive and can be used for the diagnosis of B. cinerea.

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Published in Scientific Bulletin. Series F. Biotechnologies, Vol. XXVII, Issue 1
Written by Asawir Esamaldeen Ebrahim MOHAMED, Oana-Alina BOIU-SICUIA, Călina Petruța CORNEA

Mycotoxigenic contaminants in feed raw materials are a serious problem in animal production due to their negative impact on animal performance and health. The most hazardous genera of mycotoxigenic fungi that can contaminate feed raw materials are Aspergillus, Fusarium, and Penicillium. However, not all fungi of these genera are mycotoxin producers. Therefore, to differentiate contaminated from healthy feed it is important to apply fast detection methods. This review paper aims to present fast qualitative detection methods of mycotoxigenic contaminants. Studies are focused on molecular techniques such as PCR (polymerase chain reaction), as well as chromatographic method such as TLC (thin layer chromatography). Using the PCR method, there can be detected either the fungal species and genera, either the presence of certain genes or gene clusters encoding for mycotoxin synthesis. Mycotoxin detection through TLC is an affinity-based method, in which non-volatile compounds are detected based on their retention factor (Rf) depending on the stationary and mobile phase used. The mycotoxigenic contaminants reviewed in this paper are Aspergillus, Fusarium and Penicillium and their producers.

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Published in Scientific Bulletin. Series F. Biotechnologies, Vol. XXVII, Issue 1
Written by Victor Alexandru FARAON, Eliza Gabriela MIHĂILĂ, Naomi TRITEAN, Bogdan TRICĂ, Luiza CAPRĂ, Mihail-Bogdan ROMAN, Diana CONSTANTINESCU-ARUXANDEI, Florin OANCEA

Biowastes have emerged as a promising source for the production of value-added products, reducing the burden on landfills and promoting the concept of a circular economy. Chicken feathers, constituting a significant fraction of the poultry industry's waste stream, possess a robust protein structure composed mainly of keratin. Keratin is a biopolymer with unique properties, including high nitrogen content and slow degradation, making it an attractive candidate for various applications in agriculture and other fields. One of the main problems is the development of more eco-friendly methods for the efficient extraction of this biopolymer. The aim of this study was to compare the yield of keratin extraction from chicken feathers by three methods, alkaline, acidic and subcritical water and to characterize the keratin obtained by the most eco-friendly method, i.e., subcritical water. The subcritical water extraction is a promising alternative to the alkaline and acidic extractions, if proper optimization is carried out. We show that SDS-PAGE electrophoresis combined with FTIR analysis can offer valuable Information in this respect.

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Published in Scientific Bulletin. Series F. Biotechnologies, Vol. XXVII, Issue 1
Written by Ramona-Daniela PAVALOIU, Fawzia SHA’AT, Corina BUBUEANU, Paul BARBUTA, Ciprian FODOR, Mariana FODOR

Worlwide, cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) is the leading cause of death, taking an estimated 17.8 million lives each year. CVDs include coronary heart disease, rheumatic heart disease, cerebrovascular disease and other conditions. In order to help the treatment of CVDs, this work aims to develop a food supplement based on liposomes. The market for food supplements is growing rapidly but many active ingredients have low bioavailability, especially when taken in high doses. Therefore, this paper is focused on obtaining and characterisation liposomes containing a combination of two plant extracts of Sambucus ebulus and Lycium barbarum. The preparation of liposomes was done by the technique of hydration of the lipid film. Reduction of particle size and degree of uniformity was ensured by the sonication process of the liposomal solutions. The formulations were characterised in terms of entrappment efficiency, particle size, polydispersity index, stability, and the evaluation of antioxidant activity was assessed by DPPH method.

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Published in Scientific Bulletin. Series F. Biotechnologies, Vol. XXVII, Issue 1
Written by Dana MIU, Fawzia SHAAT, Ramona-Daniela PAVALOIU

Senolytics represent a group of substances that can eliminate senescent cells in several aging-related pathologies including Alzheimer's disease, atherosclerosis, and type 2 diabetes, etc. Also, senolytic use has been proposed as a potential adjuvant approach to improve the response to senescence-inducing conventional and targeted cancer therapies. In various studies natural compounds (quercetin, fisetin, piperlongumine and curcumin) have been discovered to be effective senolytic agents. Despite the unequivocal promise of senolytics, some senolytics have low bioavailability. In this review, we summarize and discuss the latest methods to improve the bioavailability of immunomodulatory and/or immunostimulatory senolytic bioactive substances. Therefore, an in-depth discussion on diverse delivery strategies of senolytic agents and latest updates on a novel senotherapeutic research will be provided.

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