ISSN 2285-1364, ISSN CD-ROM 2285-5521, ISSN ONLINE 2285-1372, ISSN-L 2285-1364
 

Published in Scientific Bulletin. Series F. Biotechnologies, Vol. XXIV, Issue 2
Written by Paul Costinel DICU, Ovidiu POPA, Gabriela MĂRGĂRIT, Narcisa BĂBEANU

Lignocellulosic materials are the constituent elements of all plants and are most renewable feedstock available for most regions of our world. Lignocellulosic waste represents huge amounts of unutilized plant-based bioresurces, difficult to degrade for industry. Very important components of natural lignocellulosic materials are carbohydrate polymers represented by cellulose and hemicellulose, and lignin an aromatic polymer. In its natural lignocellulose state, cellulose is protected from microbial degradation, mainly due to the lignin and hemicellulose polymer components. The biotechnology of lignocellulosic material conversion into bio-products normally requires multistep processes. The focus of this article is a study on the potential cultivation of edible and medicinal mushrooms, using different types of residues as natural substrates: fruit tree wastes, winery and vine wastes, agricultural and agro-industrial wastes. A large number of fungi are capable for selectively degrading lignin. Proper management of lignocellulose biodegradation and utilization can serve to improve the quality of the environment.

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Published in Scientific Bulletin. Series F. Biotechnologies, Vol. XXV, Issue 1
Written by Elena-Claudia STOICAN, Claudia-Elena MOȘOIU, Florentina ISRAEL-ROMING

Because 1-2% of the population suffers from celiac disease and the number increased in the last 20 years, the food industry needs to develop gluten-free products that can be consumed by people with celiac disease. The negative aspect of these products is that they are rich in carbohydrates and deficient in nutrients such as protein, dietary fiber, vitamin B, vitamin D, folate, iron, calcium, copper, zinc, magnesium. The purpose of this paper is to assess from nutritional and textural point of view gluten-free products such as gluten-free bread, gluten-free cookies/biscuits, gluten-free muffins, gluten-free pasta, gluten-free waffles and wafer. For improving nutritional characteristics, gluten-free ingredients rich in nutrients such as rice, buckwheat, quinoa, amaranth, sorghum, oats, corn, teff, inulin, wheat starch, potato starch, milk and soy protein, legumes, chia and flax seeds, microalgae, psyllium, walnuts and almonds are described. For improving textural characteristics, the role of enzymes, microorganisms and hydrocolloids is considered. Possibilities of new formulation for these gluten-free products have been exemplified. For this review, 69 scientific articles from the Science Direct database were studied.

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Published in Scientific Bulletin. Series F. Biotechnologies, Vol. XXV, Issue 1
Written by Andra Lavinia NICHIȚEAN, Diana CONSTANTINESCU-ARUXANDEI, Florin OANCEA

Honey is a nutraceutical and its price is related to consumer perception on the health promoting quality. Last years, in the European Union, Romania was constantly present in the top three honey producers. The honey bee foraging areas from Romania support production of high-quality honey, because of their large biodiversity. The overlapping biogeography of Romania, which connects Central Europe, South-East-Europe and Eastern Europe is associated with a diversity of the agro-pedo-climatic condition, leading to large diversity of plant species producing nectar and pollen. A large area of meadows, still traditionally managed, offer further support for the biodiversity and honey bee foraging. Romania is on the top of the EU producers for entomophile oleaginous crops, rapeseed and sunflower. Forests cover more than one third of Romania, and they include Acacia and Tilia species, and produce large amount of polyphenol rich honeydew. However, the perception of the honey quality by foreign customers is still not in accordance with the Romanian honey quality. The aim of this paper is to review the published data regarding health promoting quality indicators of the Romanian honey, total polyphenols and flavonoids content, antioxidant and anti-bacterial activities, and to discuss the actions which are necessary in order to transform the biological activity into a higher profitability of the Romanian honey value chain.

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Published in Scientific Bulletin. Series F. Biotechnologies, Vol. XXIII
Written by Igori BALTA, Dragoș OLA, Roxana FILIP, Ana Maria PUI, Renata SALANTAI, Mihai COTÎRȚĂ, Ioan ȚÂNTEA, Adina Lia LONGODOR, Zamfir MARCHIŞ, Aurelia COROIAN

Mother's milk is a very valuable food for newborns, providing all the nutrients necessary for children's health. Colostrum is an important source of biologically active natural components and due to antimicrobial agents, can reduce gastrointestinal infections in newborns. Physical and chemical parameters were analyzed from maternal breast milk and colostrum for five days. The fat content of the colostrum shows the lowest values in the first postpartum days, after which it increases, reaching the highest values on day 5. Heavy metals in colostrum and mother's milk were evaluated considering their area of origin and all the samples were positive regarding Al, Pb, Rb, Sr, Cr. The variation in the metal concentration in maternal breast milk and colostrum could be due to their geographical origin and furtherly can affect the quality of milk.

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Published in Scientific Bulletin. Series F. Biotechnologies, Vol. XXIV
Written by Elena UNGUREANU, Gabriel MUSTĂŢEA, Mona Elena POPA

Exposure of consumers to heavy metals is an important issue and many researches has focused on this topic in the last decades. These metals can reach the human body through food contact materials. The aim of this study is to analyze the heavy metals content (Pb, Cd, Cr) or heavy metals migration from different food contact materials (plastic, paper, board, glass, ceramic etc.) available on the Romanian market and to establish the compliance with the imposed limit. The influence of printing inks and dyes on the metals level in food contact materials was also studied. Heavy metals analysis was performed by atomic absorption spectrometry, after wet digestion of the samples.

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Published in Scientific Bulletin. Series F. Biotechnologies, Vol. XXIII
Written by Diana GROPOŞILĂ-CONSTANTINESCU, Luminiţa VIŞAN, Gabriela MĂRGĂRIT, Radu-Cristian TOMA, Dana BARBA, Marius HANGAN

Until now, the most important way to get rid of food waste was to use it in animal feed. Four methods are used to remove food waste: recovery in agriculture and animal husbandry, incineration, anaerobic fermentation, composting. This paper aims to evaluate new methods of recycling waste from the food industry through biotechnological methods. The wastes that were the subject of the research were the following: apple pomace, bakery waste, milk whey. All these have been processed using the strains of the Biotechnology Faculty Collection in order to determine the potential to obtain useful products of high economical value like bioethanol or probiotics. The experimental yield of 0.26-0.24 l of bioethanol/1000 g of food waste was at the minimum data mentioned in the literature (0.265 l) but justifies the capitalization of this food waste.

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Published in Scientific Bulletin. Series F. Biotechnologies, Vol. XXIII
Written by Mehmet KOC, Muhittin KULAK, Muhammet KARAMAN, Hakan ÇETINKAYA

High temperature and water scarcity drastically influence adversely growth and production of pistachio (Pistacia vera). In this case, breeders have been faced this challenge between resistant to abiotic stress factors and high yield of varieties development. Understanding the responses of plants to abiotic stress factors will make significant contributions to solve this problem. Pistachio is among the important agricultural products for Turkey, which is grown in hot and dry regions during summer months. High temperature stress caused protein dysfunctions in plants. Small Heat Shock Proteins (sHSP) play an important role due to its function to protect the structures of denatured proteins against these stresses. In this study, we determined partial gene sequence of Small Heat Shock Protein from P. vera via degenerate primers prepared from National Center for Biotechnology Information. Herewith, it can be used for gene expression in abiotic stress studies in pistachio plants.

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Published in Scientific Bulletin. Series F. Biotechnologies, Vol. XXIV
Written by Monica ENACHE, Matei COMAN, Marius HANGAN

Many allergenic plants are wind-pollinated and produce large amount of pollen that has the ability to float in the air. An efficient preventive treatment for pollen allergy is the avoidance of exposure. This can be done if there is a detection of the regional atmospheric concentrations for various pollen types. The present study shows the results of an outdoor pollen trapping experiment in the vicinity of an area rich in vegetation, the Carol Park in Bucharest, during a week in May 2018. Pollen analysis was done using stained microscope slides at a magnification of 400×. Microscopic images of all the pollen grains on the slides were photographed with a Sony Cyber-shot digital camera (Carl Zeiss Vario-Tessar 5× zoom lens). Eight pollen types were identified, these were: inaperturate; monoporate; triporate; pollen with 4 pores; periporate; tricolpate; tricolporate and saccate pollen.

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Published in Scientific Bulletin. Series F. Biotechnologies, Vol. XXIV, Issue 2
Written by Georgiana CERCHEZAN, Simona CARNICIU, Florentina ISRAEL-ROMING

According to the wine quality and production conditions, the legislation in force states that masking defects and modifications of the wines by additions that determine changes in their taste, aroma and natural composition, can be a counterfeit product. This type of fraud is sanctioned according to the law. An example of these additives are synthetic sweeteners which, although they are forbidden, may be found in wines. Synthetic sweeteners consumption may affect the consumer health, and also the consumption of fraudulent sweetened wines can be a real danger for them. To avoid all of these inconveniences for consumers and for combating fraud in the wine sector, we can highlight the frequency of synthetic sweeteners in bottled wines with a suitable liquid chromatography method. This method establishes how to identify and quantify three of the most commonly used synthetic sweeteners (acesulfame K - E950, aspartame - E951 and saccharin - E954) that can be found in the wine matrix by ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) with UV detection. The method has selectivity, detection limit and quantification limit, linearity, precision (repeatability and reproducibility), accuracy (bias and recovery).

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Published in Scientific Bulletin. Series F. Biotechnologies, Vol. XXV, Issue 1
Written by Stanislava ATANASOVA, Maria GEORGIEVA, Diyan GEORGIEV, Petya IVANOVA

The biochemical composition of raspberry fruit was studied at two different planting distances. Their qualitative characteristics were determined. The impact of an individual technological element on the studied indicators was analysed. The experiment included raspberry cultivars, such as 'Willamette', 'Meeker', 'Samodiva' and a candidate cultivar 'Magdalena' from the collection plantation of RIMSA-Troyan. The planting material was produced in vitro. The planting distances were: 0.30 m and 0.50 m in the intra row spacing and 3.00 m in the row spacing. The highest amount of anthocyanins (38.87 mg) and total polyphenols (263.37 mg%) were reported for 'Willamette' fruit at 0.50 m planting distances. The highest antioxidant activity was reported in 'Willamette' fruit (7750.00 μmol TE/100 g) (at 0.30 m) and 'Samodiva' (6625.00 μmol TE/100 g) (at 0.50 m). The sensor rating is in the range from 4.63 ('Willamette' - 0.50 m) to 4.93 ('Magdalena' candidate cultivar - 0.30 m).

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