ISSN 2285-1364, ISSN CD-ROM 2285-5521, ISSN ONLINE 2285-1372, ISSN-L 2285-1364
 

Published in Scientific Bulletin. Series F. Biotechnologies, Vol. XXII
Written by Selda BULCA

Camel milk is considered one of the main components of the human diet in many parts of the World. The main components of whey proteins in camel milk and colostrum were similar to that in bovine, except for the lack in β-lactoglobulin. Due to its property camel milk has been also recommended to be consumed by children who are allergic to bovine milk. Other whey proteins which have been identified in camel milk include serum albumin, α-lactalbumin, immunoglobulins, lactophorin and peptidoglycan recognition protein. It has a high concentration of insulin used for diabetes. In addition, camel milk is used to stabilize the condition of patients with biliary atresia due to vitamin concentration at high concentration. Another application area of the camel milk due to its antibacterial and anti-viral properties is to use in human medicine. It has high concentration of insulin which is used for diabetes. Aditionally, camel milk is used for stabilize the conditions of biliary atresia patients due to its higher concentration of vitamin.

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Published in Scientific Bulletin. Series F. Biotechnologies, Vol. XXII
Written by Virgil VRĂJMAȘU, Camelia Filofteia DIGUȚĂ, Florentina MATEI

For a better understanding of microbial processes and dynamics of microbial population in fermented food is essential the taxonomical definition of their content. It is difficult to estimate true microbial diversity due to inability to cultivate most of the viable bacteria or to evaluate stressed cells. The most appropriate approach it seems to be the integration of phenotypic and genotyping data, while the molecular methods alone are not enough to establish distinct boundaries among phyllogenetically related species. It is important for identification of microbial strains to connect physiological, morphological and biochemical features as well as the aspects of its genetic profile. The most common genotypic and phenotypic methods are reviewed in this paper, highlighting on the suitable techniques which can be used to differentiate among microbial strains.

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Published in Scientific Bulletin. Series F. Biotechnologies, Vol. XXII
Written by Faika YARALI KARAKAN, Bekir Bülent ARPACI

Pre-treatments significantly affect frequency of gynogenic embryogenesis. In gynogenesis, a change from gametophytic phase to the sporophytic phase is provided by stress treatments. Heat and/or cold shocks are given alone or in combination with each other to induce stress conditions. Also, pre-treatments can be applied at different types of explant, such as flower buds, ovules/ovaries, or inflorescence. With regard to different explants, the type, level, and duration of pre-treatment are different, and the regeneration efficiencies vary as well. In this review, it was discussed the effects of pre-treatments, cold or heat shock, in haploid induction via gynogenesis in different vegetables species.

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Published in Scientific Bulletin. Series F. Biotechnologies, Vol. XX
Written by Gianina Antonela BADEA, Arina Oana ANTOCE

The present work aimed to determine the colour evolution after aging in bottle of a white wine from Muscat Ottonel cultivar and the effect of the addition of different antioxidants at bottling time, such as SO2, reduced glutathione (GSH) and ascorbic acid. Wine colour is an important indicator of its degree of oxidation, therefore the evolution toward a brownish colour is equivalent with some quality loss or even degradation. Considering that colour is also a key parameter that contributes to the perception of the quality profile of a white wine, the study attempted to determine the effect of certain doses and combinations of some anti-oxidants, which are known to ensure the best wine quality preservation during aging of wine in bottles. Our preliminary study shows that, in some cases and conditions, the antioxidants used to protect the aroma and the colour of wines end up affecting the colour.

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Published in Scientific Bulletin. Series F. Biotechnologies, Vol. XX
Written by Desareda MERO, Ariola BACU, Margarita HYSKO

During 2015, samples from 30 apple trees growing in three plantations of Korca were tested for phytoplasmic infections. The last have been difficult to detect due to their low concentration especially in woody hosts and their erratic distribution in the sieve tubes of the infected plants. After the evaluation of the sanitary status of three apple collections in Korca district based on classical symptomatology and DAPI staining method, in order to give a final assessment, one 16SrADN sequence of phytoplasma genome was amplified from DNA extracted from roots, stems and trunks. Quality of DNA is of key importance in molecular diagnostics, since it can affect the final result. It depends on sampling material and which plant tissue is examined. Results were used to identify the infected tissues. Results obtained by classical, cytological and molecular methods, were compared to understand the sanitary status of collections and to compare the effectiveness of each of them.

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Published in Scientific Bulletin. Series F. Biotechnologies, Vol. XXI
Written by Vesna KRNJAJA, Aleksandar STANOJKOVIĆ, Zorica BIJELIĆ, Violeta MANDIĆ, Miloš LUKIĆ, Zdenka ŠKRBIĆ, Veselin PETRIČEVIĆ

This study examines the mycological quality of poultry feed in 69 samples (45 samples of chicken feed and 24 samples of feed for layers) in 2014 and in 44 samples of poultry feed (34 samples of chicken feed and 10 samples of feed for layers) in 2015. The total fungal count was determined using a dilution method, and standard mycological methods were used to identify potential toxigenic fungi genera. The chicken feed contained total fungal count above the allowed limit in 26.67% of samples in 2014, and in 14.71% of samples in 2015, while the total fungal count above the limit in the feed for layers was established only in year 2014, in 8.33% of the samples. Potentially toxigenic fungi species belonging to the genera Aspergillus, Fusarium and Penicillium were identified in both groups of studied poultry feed mixtures during both years. In chicken feed, the highest number of Fusarium positive samples in both years was recorded, 73.3% in 2014 and 64.71% of the samples in 2015. In the feed for layers, in the majority of samples (83.33%), Fusarium species were identified in 2014, while in year 2015, the species of the genera Aspergillus and Fusarium were identified in the majority of samples (90%). Based on these results it can be concluded that the sanitary and hygiene conditions during the production of poultry feed must be determined by specific strategies for the reduction of the incidence of potentially toxigenic species of the genera Aspergillus, Fusarium and Penicillium. This strategy involves the use of complex and integrated measures to combat, especially during the growing of grain and other plants as the main raw materials, as well as during periods of storage and preservation of basic raw materials and finished mixtures used for poultry feeding.

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Published in Scientific Bulletin. Series F. Biotechnologies, Vol. XXI
Written by Georgiana-Aurora ŞTEFÃNOIU, Elisabeta Elena POPA, Amalia Carmen MITELUŢ, Mona Elena POPA

An increase in the intake of food and constant changes in the formulation of food products has become evident in recent years. Therefore the efforts of processors together with academic circles in attending consumer demands for high quality food and dealing with raising economic standards, and nowadays particularly with ecological concerns, has triggered the development of emergent technological approaches for food processing. Recently, unconventional treatments technologies in food processing have gained increased industrial interest and have potential to replace, at least partially, the traditional well-established preservation processes (Pereira and Vicente, 2010). The objective of this work is to make a short review in respect to unconventional treatments of food, which are used nowadays in industry or are in the research and development phase. The paper presents the effects of novel techniques on the quality of food products, especially on the nutritional value.

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Published in Scientific Bulletin. Series F. Biotechnologies, Vol. XX
Written by Denisa STĂNESCU, Emanuel VAMANU

Valorisation of agricultural wastes is one of the main objectives for activity optimization in agriculture industry. One method for waste utilization implies their use as substrate for obtaining edible mushrooms, which are a raw material of interest in current food industry. The aim of the paper was the cultivation of Pleurotus ostreatus var. florida species, on diverse common plant wastes. The species had good fructification, resulting numerous pins on the surface of the substrate, the cap diameter reaching a maximum of 4 to 5 cm. The color of the basidium was brighter, because the cultivation temperatures were above 20°C most of the time. The fructification time decreased with the increase of inoculation rate. Although major differences haven’t been determined for morphological characteristics of the fructification body, the supplementation of the substrate formula with other components determined approximately 10% increase in productivity. The study proved that applying supplements to the substrate formula lead to the optimization of valorisation of plant wastes taken into consideration. Also, the use of supplements did not stimulate infection rate of the substrate.

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Published in Scientific Bulletin. Series F. Biotechnologies, Vol. XXII
Written by Aglaia BURLACU, Florentina ISRAEL-ROMING, Călina Petruța CORNEA

Lignin is a complex aromatic polymer of phenyl propene units non-linear and randomly linked. The main building blocks are p-coumaryl alcohol, coniferyl alcohol and sinapyl alcohol. Lignin is the third most abundant biopolymer on earth and usually accounts for 15-35% of the lignocellulose biomass. The degradation of lignin is extremely difficult due to the complexity of the chemical structure (variable upon the source) and the high molecular weight. Two major types of enzymes involved in the depolymerization of lignin are oxidoreductase: laccase and peroxidase, the main microbial producers being fungi and some bacteria. Due to its highly branched structure, lignin is considered to be the most recalcitrant component of lignocellulose, most of it not being recovered. Therefore, there’s a demand for more effective methods for depolymerization of lignin in order to obtain value-added products. This review underlines the importance of valorization of lignin through enzymatic depolymerization with laccase and peroxidase.

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Published in Scientific Bulletin. Series F. Biotechnologies, Vol. XXII
Written by Sorin Sergiu CHELMU

The design approach of an information system for monitoring pig meat traceability (SIMTCP) can not ignore the feeding of animals. Starting from this premise, in this paper are prezented the modeling assumptions, considerations and UML diagrams for processes of feeding pigs at farm level. Scientific research results were obtained in the detail analisys phase of SIMTCP, during of the deployment of the research project „Designing an information system to monitoring the traceability in pork production”, financed by the Competitive Grants Scheme (SCG), developed with the support of Modernization of Information and Knowledge Systems in Agriculture Project (MAKIS). At the end of communication are worded conclusions and guidelines for future research in the areas of product traceability, food safety and new information and communication technologies, taking into account trends and requirements of a sustainable global economy.

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